This paper mainly studies China's NEV, because it seems to be able to solve some of China's current environmental and national energy security issues. In recent years, NEV has risen rapidly all over the world with its unique advantages. This paper first introduces the current status of NEV development in China and then finds relevant data to point out the potential energy security risks that may be caused by China’s current high dependence on foreign oil and environmental security risks caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions. This paper calculates carbon dioxide emissions by calculating NEVs and traditional fuel vehicles, and finally draws conclusions and puts forward suggestions. China's NEV development has a long way to go, facing many unknown possibilities, opportunities and challenges that coexist.