A caesarean delivery is a life-saving surgical procedure performed when certain conditions/risks arise during pregnancy and labor. Although it is associated with a variable degree of maternal and perinatal complications, rates in the last few decades have increased tremendously worldwide, in both developed and developing countries, due to a complex and multifactorial set of factors. This narrative review examines the existing literature discussing major factors that have an impact on caesarean section rates. The aim is to assess trends and additional aspects of caesarean section procedure via current studies