Managing type 2 diabetes pharmacologically involves using medications to control blood sugar levels and minimize complications. Treatment options include oral drugs like metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones, as well as injectables such as insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists. Metformin is typically the first choice due to its effectiveness and affordability. Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion, while thiazolidinediones improve insulin sensitivity. Insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists are used when oral medications are insufficient. Treatment selection depends on factors like patient health and preferences. Lifestyle changes like diet and exercise are also crucial. Regular monitoring and adjustments are necessary for optimal management and to prevent complications.