Theses (Faculty of Pharmacy)
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Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Regio- and stereoselective modification of steviol by photochemical reactionsNguyen, Ngoc Linh Chi; Borbás, Anikó; Debreczeni, Nóra; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi KarIn recent decades, stevioside and its derivative steviol have garnered attention for their diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular effects. This has sparked interest among organic chemists to explore synthesizing analogues of both compounds. Steviol's structure, featuring an exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond, offers ample opportunities for synthetic alterations like reduction, epoxidation, and various addition reactions. Our research focuses on modifying the steviol backbone using readily available thiol compounds through photoinitiated thiol-ene coupling. Moving forward, we aim to investigate the biological effects of these synthesized compounds through collaborative efforts.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pulmonary HypertensionAghakhani, Fatemeh; Lekli, Istvàn; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Vasvári, Gábor; Szőke, Kitti; Gyógyszerésztudományi KarPulmonary hypertension (PH) is quickly becoming a major cause for mortality with a prevalence of approximately 1% of the global population, with a growing frequency among the elderly. PH encompasses a group of disorders characterized by an elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, leading to right heart dysfunction and eventually, heart failure. While PH can arise from various etiologies, including heart and lung disorders, genetic predispositions, and exposure to certain medications, its management remains challenging due to limited treatment options and progressive nature. Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) have emerged as pivotal agents in the therapeutic armamentarium against PH. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ERAs in alleviating PH symptoms, enhancing exercise tolerance, and slowing disease advancement. Among the ERAs, most extensively studied are Bosentan, Ambrisentan, and Macitentan, which have demonstrated favorable results across various forms of PH, including idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Ongoing research endeavors continue to investigate novel therapeutic targets and treatment regimens, with the ultimate objective of improving outcomes and quality of life for those suffering with PH.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF MICE’S PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUSHoang, Bui Minh; Krisztina, Deák-Pocsai; Általános Orvostudományi Kar; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi KarIn summary, it can be seen that demonstration of PPN’s over-stimulation leads to a striking downfall in cholinergic neuron population. Using IHC in this experiment for detection this phenomenon is relatively successful, despite several drawbacks. In addition, neuronal excitotoxicity is probably a consequence of chronic CNO administration. Finally, pharmacological therapies that decrease astrocyte and neuron activity are suggested for patients who suffer from diminished neuronal loss so as to protect the neuron population.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető pathogenesis and therapy of acne vulgarisalshage , Kammla; Vasvári , Gábor; Tiszai , Dóra; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Ágnes, Rusynzák; Törőcsik , Daniel; Szabo, ErzsébetAcne vulgaris, commonly referred to as acne, is a prevalent skin condition that typically begins in adolescence and can persist into adulthood. It manifests as various types of skin blemishes, including blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and sometimes deeper cysts. The development of acne involves excess oil production, blockage of hair follicles, bacterial growth, and inflammation. Hormonal changes, particularly increased levels of androgens, can exacerbate the production of oil, contributing to more severe acne. Treatments for acne vary, ranging from topical creams to oral medications, depending on the severity of the condition. This thesis will explore the underlying causes of acne, its effects on individuals, and the various approaches to managing this widespread but complex skin disorder.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Method development for the determination of molecular hydrogen from new pharmaceutical formulations.Nguyen , Thanh Dat; István, Bak; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; István, Lekli; Haimhoffer, Ádám; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszerhatástani Tanszék; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszertechnológiai TanszékAbstract. Hydrogen has been embarking in the medical field as a novel therapeutic gas with outstanding antioxidation properties in recent years. This brings on a need for a reliable method of quantifying this molecule that is both affordable and available in most research institutes. Some researchers have been using gas chromatography to measure hydrogen and were able to separate hydrogen from other gases. In this paper, the goal is to study the impact of different parameters and setups of gas chromatography and develop an optimized method to accurately quantify hydrogen in a gas mixture. This study uses hydrogen in air mixture of various concentrations and measures it by a GC-TCD system using N2 as carrier gas. Through experimenting with changing temperature, loops volume, split ratio, etc., we want to see how the system reacts to these alterations. The final optimized parameters can be found in the conclusion of this research. It was later used to determine the LOD/LOQ, precision and accuracy of the method and a calibration curve was created (Figure 13). This data serves as the basis for an investigation of a new hydrogen-releasing medication developed by our university and could be a guideline for researchers who work with hydrogen. Author: Nguyen Thanh Dat. Supervisor: Dr. Bak István.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Investigation of C3CA's antioxidant activityLan, Le Chi; István, Bak; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Csépáyi, Evelin; Kiss, Attila; Természettudományi és Technológiai KarNowadays, oxidative stress-related disorders and deaths have increased and raised concerns worldwide. The primary aim is to fully understand their mechanism of actions towards living organisms and developing prevention/therapeutic methods. Chromone-3-carboxylic acid is able to bring many beneficial effects to health. Among them, its antioxidant activity is going to be analyzed and studied further in this paper.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological managment of diabetes type 2Mazloomi, Sheyda; Poeszasz, Robert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, A. József; Czompa, AttilaIn 2021, there were 529 million people of all ages, worldwide, living with diabetes. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body is ineffective in the use of insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces the hormone insulin, but the cells are resistant to insulin. Lifestyle and genetic factors are the two main factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. The main pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes includes reduction of insulin secretion from the β cells and increased secretion of glucagon from the α-cells. The common signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes are frequent urination, numbness of fingers and toes, feeling very thirsty, hungry and drinking a lot, feeling weak and tired, blurred vision, cuts or wounds that heal slowly, dry skin, unwanted weight loss, and infection. Measurement of HbA1c, FBS, and OGTT are the most valuable diagnostic criteria to check the blood sugar level and diagnose type 2 diabetes. A healthy lifestyle criterion like healthy foods, aerobic activities, weight loss, no smoking, and prohibition of alcohol consumption can help prevent type 2 diabetes. Although lifestyle changes such as diet modification and increased physical activity can be very effective in improving blood sugar control, in the long term most people who do not have normal blood sugar levels will need medication to achieve normal blood sugar levels. Fortunately, there are a lot of insulin and non-insulin medications for type 2 diabetes treatment. Injectable insulins are categorized as rapid, short, intermediate, and long-acting insulins. On the other hand, non insulin medications are sulfonylureas, meglitinides, metformin, TZDs, AGIs, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and bromocriptine. These drugs with different mechanisms of action can be used as monotherapy, or in combination with other drugs. However, a summary of first-line and further medications for type 2 diabetes treatment is illustrated in Tables 5 and 6. The last but not the least, due to the expansion of machine life and reduction of physical activities, educating people about ways to prevent diabetes is an inevitable thing to control the diabetes epidemic. On the other hand, new drugs are being developed to treat diabetes.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Trends in antiseizure medication consumption in four western European countries and prevalence of psychiatric adverse drug reactionsParsaysalkisari, Elaheh; László, Horváth; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi KarEpilepsy, a common neurological condition affecting 50 million people globally, involves recurrent seizures caused by abnormal brain cell firing. It can lead to impaired movement, mood swings, and cognitive abilities. People with epilepsy also suffer from psychological diseases like anxiety and depression. They have a three-fold higher risk of premature death, with rural and low-income regions having the highest rates. Understanding the benefits and drawbacks of Antipsychotic Substances (ASMs) can help reduce negative effects, improve patient quality of life, advance medical care, and be economically beneficial. A study in four countries found an increasing trend of newer ASMs consumption, while older ones declined. The 45 psychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs) should also be considered.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Synthesis of a heparan sulfate analogue trisaccharide with potential cell growth inhibitory activityEmadi, Maryam; Herczeg, Mihály; Fruzsina, Demeter; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszerészi Kémiai Tanszék; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Bak, István; Hevesi-Mező, Erika; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszerhatástani Tanszék; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszerészi Kémiai TanszékThis research focused on synthesizing a trisaccharide with potential biological effects, particularly in cancer treatment, utilizing non-glycosaminoglycan building blocks derived from readily available D-glucose and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. Employing well-established synthetic pathways and protecting groups enabled precise glycosidic bond formation, yielding the target molecule in several steps. Ongoing collaboration aims to evaluate the compound's cell growth inhibitory, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties, representing a promising avenue for cancer therapy.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető LE-127/2, a new cannabigerol derivative mediated autophagy in different human melanoma cell linesParvaneh, Nasim; Szabó, Erzsébet; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszerhatástani Tanszék; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Tósaki, Ágnes; Szabó, Zsuzsanna; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszerhatástani Tanszék; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Biofarmácia Tanszékmelanoma, a rapidly increasing type of skin cancer arising from melanocytes, poses a significant global health threat due to its aggressive nature and high mortality rates. Compounds from Cannabis sativa have shown promise in inhibiting melanoma cell growth and inducing cell death. Non-psychoactive cannabinoids like cannabigerol (CBG) have been investigated for their anti-tumor effects, with some success. This study focused on a new CBG derivative, LE-127/2, comparing its effects on melanoma cell growth to the established drug vemurafenib. Additionally, the study explored how LE-127/2 influences autophagy-related proteins in melanoma cells, suggesting that LE-127/2-induced autophagy may inhibit cell proliferation and trigger cell death in melanoma cells.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY SCREENING IN NOSTOC (CYANOBACTERIA) SPECIES.Gilbert-Nwadike, Leonie Chinonye; Milan, Riba; Vasas, Gabor; Természettudományi és Technológiai Kar; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Zsolt , Szűcs; István , Bácsi; Természettudományi és Technológiai KarA study at the University of Debrecen investigated the impact of Nostoc strains on T4 phage infection in E. coli, revealing fractions with potential inhibitory effects. Phages, a crucial component of prokaryotic life, have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1915. Phages exhibit specificity towards bacterial strains, potentially offering targeted treatments with fewer side effects compared to antibiotics. Cyanobacteria produce diverse cyanometabolites with health benefits, including antiviral properties. The potential for targeted gene delivery via phages and therapeutic applications of cyanometabolites against viral infections highlights the significance of ongoing research.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The unraveling of a new Hv1 channel inhibitor as a potential drug candidate in future breast cancer therapyMehrabi, Sepideh; Papp, Ferenc; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biofizikai és Sejtbiológiai Intézet::Biofizikai Tanszék; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Jesus Angel , Borrego Terrazas; Lekli , István; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biofizikai és Sejtbiológiai Intézet; Gyógyszerésztudományi KarThis thesis investigates the characteristics of an Hv1 (voltage-gated proton) channel inhibitor, a peptide fraction from a spider venom discovered in our laboratory. Since Hv1 is expressed in breast cancer cells (based on the literature and our preliminary experiments in the JIMT-1 breast cancer cell line), our peptide discovery has future therapeutic potential. Breast cancer, being the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, presents significant challenges due to its complex risk factors, including genetic predispositions like BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, and environmental influences. Our research examines the pharmacology of GsAF-II using the patch clamp technique on transiently expressed Hv1 ion channels. A unique aspect of our study is the introduction of GsAF-II, as a new inhibitor of Hv1. The results demonstrate significant inhibitory effects of GsAF-II on Hv1 channels, suggesting its potential therapeutic applications in disrupting cancer cells pH regulation. These findings propose a new path for cancer treatment through ion channel inhibition, with particular emphasis on the innovative use of peptide compounds from spider venom. Further studies are recommended to refine the selectivity and effectiveness of GsAF-II, establishing a foundation for innovative cancer treatment strategies. This research contributes to the broader fight against breast cancer, offering insights into novel therapeutic targets and potential treatments.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Effect of a LE-127/2, a new CBG derivative, on apoptosis of melanoma cell linesJoby, Sneha; Szabó , Erzsébet; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszerhatástani Tanszék; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Szabó, Zsuzsanna; Tósaki, Ágnes; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Klinikai KözpontThe aim of the thesis is to find the effect of cannabinoid derivative LE-127/2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cells compared to their mother CBG. According to the experimental research, it is very remarkable that LE-127/2 has less cytotoxic effect to HaCaT cells than its mother CBG. The fact that the new CBG derivative has low cytotoxicity to healthy cells could be a potential drug candidate with possibly lower side effects, so that it could be tolerated by patients in the longer term. In summary, we can also conclude that treatment with LE-127/2 leads to apoptosis, with some apoptotic proteins being activated while others do not change significantly.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Strategies to fight against antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infectionsIsowamwen, Efosa; Fesus, Adina; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Kosa, Dora; Toth, Zoltan; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Általános Orvostudományi KarThe thesis provides a detailed overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs), covering their anatomy, common pathogens, clinical manifestations, routes of infection, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and the pressing issue of antibiotic resistance. It effectively distinguishes between uncomplicated and complicated UTIs, highlighting key symptoms and clinical presentations. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASPs) in addressing antibiotic resistance, outlining their objectives and strategies. The thesis underscores the significance of responsible antibiotic use and the role of ASPs in optimizing clinical outcomes and minimizing unintended consequences. Overall, it offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals and patients alike, contributing to better understanding and management of UTIs.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Impact of Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) on the clinical outcomes in patients with empirical treatment hospitalized with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)Baluku, Phiona; Fésüs, Adina; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi KarBackground and importance Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In previous studies, guideline adherence to national and international CAP guidelines in terms of agent choice was found to be poor. Implementation of the Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) aimed to improve correct and responsible antibiotic use by encouraging guideline adherence. Aims and objectives This retrospective observational before-and-after study aimed to evaluate whether the ASP may improve guideline adherence, antibiotic exposure, and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalised with CAP in Hungary. Materials and methods The study was conducted at the Pulmonology Department of a tertiary care medical centre in Hungary. The ASP implementation consisted of written and published guidelines available to all professionals, continuous supervision, and counselling services on antibiotic therapies. The intervention was performed by a multidisciplinary antibiotic stewardship team (AST) at an individual level, with the aim of ensuring compliance with CAP guidelines. Overall guideline adherence (agent selection, route of administration, dose), clinical outcomes (length of stay (LOS), 30-day mortality), and antibiotic exposure were compared between pre-intervention and ASP periods (both retrospective observational). Fisher’s exact test and t-test were applied to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Significant p values were defined as below 0.05. Results A significant improvement in overall CAP guideline adherence by 30.2%, p = 0.017 and a significant reduction in the total duration of antibiotic therapy by 13.5%, p = 0.002 were observed. Guideline non-adherent combination therapies of metronidazole decreased significantly by 28.1%, p ˂0.001. Antibiotic exposure decreased by 7.2%, p = 0.061, and sequential therapy increased significantly by 10.5%, p = 0.01. Moreover, ASP has a positive effect on clinical outcomes (LOS decreased by 13.5%, p = 0.016; 30-day survival increased by 5.9%, p = 0.711). Conclusion and relevance The availability of written protocols on the ward and the continuous counselling service are crucial in optimising antibiotic use. Implementation of ASP led to a significant improvement in CAP guideline adherence and sequential therapy, which also entailed a significant reduction in the total duration of antibiotic therapy and length of stay.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Hv1 novel peptide inhibitor extracted from tarantula venomRahpeymaei, Ali; Papp, Ferenc; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biofizikai és Sejtbiológiai Intézet::Biofizikai Tanszék; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Eszter Feher, Palma; Naseem Muhammad, Umair; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszertechnológiai Tanszék; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biofizikai és Sejtbiológiai Intézet::Biofizikai TanszékThis thesis investigates the interaction between GsAF-I, a peptide from the venom of the tarantula Grammostola rosea, and human voltage-gated proton (Hv1) channels, critical in pH regulation and cellular signaling. Utilizing patch clamp techniques on genetically modified Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing human Hv1, the study revealed that GsAF-I significantly stabilizes the closed state of these channels, thereby delaying their opening and hastening their closure, with these effects being notably voltage-dependent. The fast onset and reversibility of GsAF-I's actions suggest its potential for therapeutic use, particularly in treating conditions associated with abnormal proton flux, such as cancer and inflammation. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of tarantula-derived peptides in modulating ion channel activity and contributing to new treatments for diseases involving disrupted proton flux.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Inflammatory skin condition and their treatmentJafari, Elnaz; Józsa, Liza; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi KarInflammation is a vital biological response triggered by the immune system in response to various factors like pathogens, cell damage, and toxins. This process can result in acute or chronic inflammation in different organs, potentially causing tissue damage or diseases. Both infectious and non-infectious agents activate inflammatory cells through pathways such as NF- κB, MAPK, and JAK-STAT. While inflammation is a crucial defence mechanism for health, its uncontrolled or chronic state can contribute to various inflammatory diseases. Inflammation is characterized by five macroscopic pathological phenomena, including swelling, elevated tissue temperature, redness of vascularized tissue, intense sensation of noxious stimuli, and impaired function of the affected organ. Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in various diseases, including skin conditions like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Acne Vulgaris and chronic urticaria. The incidence of these disorders, along with their associated comorbidities, is consistently increasing. The pathogenesis of these skin conditions is complex, involving genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. These diseases result from a combination of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, hypersensitivity, skin barrier defects, and exposure to environmental triggers. Despite ongoing research, many aspects of their pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In the United States, about 60% of the population suffers from one or more types of chronic inflammatory disorders. In inflammatory conditions, it leads to increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. This thesis explores the relationship between inflammation and various skin conditions, shedding light on the complexity of immune responses in both acute and chronic settings. The escalating prevalence of chronic inflammatory skin conditions underscores the ongoing need for research and targeted therapeutic strategies. Understanding the molecular foundations and immune responses provides potential avenues for improved interventions. This thesis contributes to the collective knowledge aimed at enhancing the understanding and management of inflammatory skin conditions.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető New Advances in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus ErythematosusHassanpour, Sedigheh; Pórszász, Róbert; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarThe thesis titled "New Advances in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" explores recent developments and breakthroughs in the medical field pertaining to the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The research delves into innovative approaches, methodologies, and therapies that have emerged to address the complexities of SLE, a chronic autoimmune disease. The thesis has provided a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge advancements, including novel pharmaceutical interventions, targeted therapies, and potential immunomodulatory strategies. By synthesising current literature and clinical findings, the thesis has in some way contributed valuable insights that may enhance the understanding and management of SLE, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals affected by this challenging autoimmune condition.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Inflammatory skin condition and their treatmentJafari, Elnaz; Józsa, Liza; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi KarInflammation is a vital biological response triggered by the immune system in response to various factors like pathogens, cell damage, and toxins. This process can result in acute or chronic inflammation in different organs, potentially causing tissue damage or diseases. Both infectious and non-infectious agents activate inflammatory cells through pathways such as NF- κB, MAPK, and JAK-STAT. While inflammation is a crucial defence mechanism for health, its uncontrolled or chronic state can contribute to various inflammatory diseases. Inflammation is characterized by five macroscopic pathological phenomena, including swelling, elevated tissue temperature, redness of vascularized tissue, intense sensation of noxious stimuli, and impaired function of the affected organ. Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in various diseases, including skin conditions like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Acne Vulgaris and chronic urticaria. The incidence of these disorders, along with their associated comorbidities, is consistently increasing. The pathogenesis of these skin conditions is complex, involving genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. These diseases result from a combination of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, hypersensitivity, skin barrier defects, and exposure to environmental triggers. Despite ongoing research, many aspects of their pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In the United States, about 60% of the population suffers from one or more types of chronic inflammatory disorders. In inflammatory conditions, it leads to increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. This thesis explores the relationship between inflammation and various skin conditions, shedding light on the complexity of immune responses in both acute and chronic settings. The escalating prevalence of chronic inflammatory skin conditions underscores the ongoing need for research and targeted therapeutic strategies. Understanding the molecular foundations and immune responses provides potential avenues for improved interventions. This thesis contributes to the collective knowledge aimed at enhancing the understanding and management of inflammatory skin conditions.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Preparation and testing of non-steroidal rectal suppositoriesAbedi, Melika; Bácskay, Ildikó; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszertechnológiai Tanszék; DE--Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar; Herczeg, Mihály; Czompa, AttilaMy thesis consists of two important parts. 1.Theoritical part 2. Practical part In the theoretical part,I focused on the definition of suppositories, the advantages and disadvantages of suppositories, and the different components that we use for the preparation of suppositories (active ingredients, bases, and exipients). I mentioned that the categorization of bases depends on their solubility and the categorization of antipyretic drugs.Antipyretic drugs are categorised into three main groups: 1.NSAID 2.PARACETAMOL 3.GLUCOCORTICOIDS I tried to explain the mode of action and the physical and chemical properties of paracetamol.In the practical part, I prepared two different types of paracetamol suppositories, one of which was made with Adeps solidus 50 and the other with Adeps solidus composites.I did some tests( texture analysis, dissolution test, mass deviation, etc.) on these two types to compare them with each other, and at the end of these experiments, I came to the conclusion that suppositories made with adept solidus composites start to solubilize faster because of the type of base. Adeps solidus composites are made with polysorbate, which is a solubilizing agent.