Childhood and adolescents obesity has become one of the major public health challenges globally. Indonesia is one of the countries experiencing ‘nutrition transition’, the problem of childhood underweight has remained existed, while overweight/obesity is on the rise. The health consequences of childhood underweight and overweight/obesity are well-documented, which eventually will put pressure on health care system. Risk factors associated with malnutrition need to be investigated in order to develop targeted health programs and policies. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity, along with associated factors, among school-aged adolescents in Indonesia, based on Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) Indonesia 2015 dataset.