Pharmacological Basis of Insulin Therapy (Novel Drugs)

Fájlok
This thesis presents a comprehensive exploration of the evolution, pharmacology, and future directions of insulin therapy in the management of diabetes mellitus. It begins with an overview of the historical milestones, tracing the journey from the discovery of insulin in 1921 to the development of recombinant human insulin and advanced insulin analogs that have significantly improved glycemic control. The work delves into the physiology of insulin, its receptor mechanisms, and its vital role in glucose and lipid metabolism, providing a strong scientific basis for understanding therapeutic strategies. A central focus of the thesis is the pharmacological characterization of different insulin preparations, including their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the factors influencing absorption and action. The study further evaluates clinical applications of insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as in special populations such as pregnant women and patients with renal or hepatic impairment. In addition, it reviews dosing and titration strategies, highlighting both physician- and patient-led approaches that enhance personalization of care. Beyond conventional therapy, the dissertation explores cutting-edge advances such as once-weekly basal insulins (icodec, efsitora alfa), glucose-responsive “smart” insulins, and closed-loop artificial pancreas systems. It also assesses the promise of gene therapy, stem-cell–based treatments, and the integration of artificial intelligence into insulin delivery systems. By synthesizing evidence from clinical trials and emerging research, this work underscores the shift toward precision, patient-centered diabetes management. Ultimately, the thesis emphasizes how ongoing innovations in biotechnology, pharmacology, and digital health are redefining insulin therapy, offering safer, more effective, and less burdensome solutions for millions living with diabetes worldwide.(456.18 KB)
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This thesis offers an overview of insulin therapy's development. The thesis spans from insulin's origin in 1921 to advanced innovations like weekly insulins and AI-integrated closed-loop devices, seamlessly linking history with contemporary pharmacology and clinical insights. The thesis includes sections on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, of various insulin analogs. It also focuses treatment for vulnerable groups of patients like those with kidney issues or pregnant individuals. The discussion of novel therapies, such as smart insulins, stem cell treatments, and AI driven systems, adds a forward-looking perspective.

Leírás
Kulcsszavak
Insulin Analogs, Diabetes Therapy
Forrás
Hivatkozás
https://hdl.handle.net/2437/397851
Gyűjtemények
Theses (Faculty of Medicine)