Two-third of the new cases of pneumonia in the world are concentrated in developing countries, and Indonesia is ranked fifth of the highest. Moreover, based on the data of Indonesian Health Profile 2016, the occurrence of Pneumonia in Indonesia was 503,378 cases with the total death count reaching 551 in the same year. Due to higher incident number in Indonesia, Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) set out to provide data about child health which includes the problem of pneumonia and to be one of the objectives for evaluating national health programs before. In addition, The Integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (GAPPD) has set the framework of integrated key interventions of protecting, preventing and treating to reduce diarrhea and pneumonia in children. Thus, the study is to describe the prevalence of pneumonia and analyze the correlation of different variables with the occurrence of pneumonia among small children aged 12 to 23 months old using data of Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS).