Exposure to toxic substances in childhood is an avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide but most especially in developing countries. Improper storage of potentially hazardous substances such as pesticides, kerosene, medications and household cleaning agents contribute to the incidence of toxic exposures in the paediatric population. The most common agents implicated in paediatric exposures differ based on several factors such as geographical location and socio-economic status. Organophosphates and kerosene are the agents commonly implicated in developing countries including Nigeria. This thesis explores the pharmacology of the pharmacology of Organophosphates and Kersene.