As the increasing global concern over declining fertility rates, the thesis dives into and explores the vast pharmacological aspects of fertility and reproduction in both females and males and provides an overview of the reproductive organs and processes in both genders and an overall critical side of the various types of pharmacological interventions in treating infertility today.

Furthermore, treatments used in female infertility including; inducing ovulation agents, hormonal replacement therapies and assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization. The pharmacological interventions such as testosterone replacement therapy, erectile dysfunction medication and treatment for sperm production and enhancement are distinguished along with other assisted reproductive technologies for male patients.

The potential benefits of intergrading both naturopathic and pharmacological approaches and the pros and cons of each. Considerations of ethical concepts are also discussed surrounding the fertility treatments. Focusing on different pharmacological impacts and interventions on the reproductive processes and the psychological effects on couples and patients individually. Ethical concerns related to ART, selective reduction, embryo screening and multiple pregnancies.