This thesis explores the evolution of aviation safety from historical foundations to modern and future challenges, emphasizing human factors, technical innovations, and regulatory frameworks. A significant portion focuses on pilot behavior, risk perception, and decision-making, using both historical accident data and theoretical models. I conducted an original student-led survey targeting pilot trainees at PHARMAFLIGHT, analyzing how current flight organizations manage workplace risk and safety procedures. The research identifies a gap between perceived and actual risks among pilots and highlights the critical role of training and corporate culture in influencing pilot decisions. Through scenario-based analysis, I evaluated how pilots respond to conflicting safety, economic, and productivity pressures during high-stakes flight situations. The work concludes by proposing enhanced risk mitigation strategies, combining structural aircraft design, safety-centered training, and system-based decision support tools, reflecting my direct contribution to understanding and improving aviation safety from a student pilot's perspective.