Paracrine IL-1β from Activated Macrophages Impairs Skeletal Muscle Cell Fusion and Myogenic Marker Expression
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This study aims to reinforce the critical role inflammation plays in muscle repair, and how both excessive and insufficient inflammatory responses cam affect myogenesis. Alum was used to overactivate the NLRP3 inflammasome, while MCC950 was used to inhibit it, and LPS was used to prime the inflammasome for activation. Chronic inflammation has been shown to impair muscle regeneration as seen in C2C12 cells grown in LPS + alum conditioned media. Conversely, a lack of inflammatory responses in the cells grown in media not containing the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β limited the recruitment of immune cells and subsequently the activation of satellite cells due to reduced IL-1β signalling, even with upregulation of myogenic regulatory factors.