This thesis reviews periodontal management in children and adolescents. Periodontal diseases in children range from common gingivitis to destructive periodontitis, which is increasingly recognized as a significant global public health concern across all age groups. While gingivitis affects about one-third of adolescents, periodontitis rates vary widely due to regional differences in socioeconomic factors and oral hygiene practices. Because early childhood conditions can progress and lead to systemic health issues, timely detection and preventive strategies are considered essential. This thesis aims to critically evaluate the epidemiology and behavioral risk factors of these conditions in populations under 18 years of age. By assessing current screening and prevention methods, the review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of periodontal health management in young patients.