As hematological malignancies are a growing concern, more targeted chemotherapy options are being investigated and explored. Monoclonal antibodies play a pivotal role in targeted therapy and they are a growing facet in the treatment protocols of many diseases, particularly in cancer therapy. The purpose of this thesis is to perform a literature review on monoclonal antibodies, their production, mechanisms of action, derivatives and their uses is the treatment regimens of patients with hematological malignancies.