Novel Drug Classes in Heart Failure: ARNIs and SGLT2 Inhibitors

Abstract

This thesis examines the paradigm shift in heart failure management driven by two novel drug classes: Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs) and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. It explores the history, mechanisms, landmark clinical trial evidence, and synergistic effects of these two novel drug classes. It also discusses the modern day guideline directed medical therapy of heart failure, exploring the "Four Pillar" paradigm. Finally, the thesis tackles real-world clinical challenges, safety, rapid initiation strategies, and the future horizon of personalized heart failure care.