Inhibition of Botrytis cinerea mycelium growth by soluble and volatile metabolites, phosphate solubilization and resistance in high NaCl concentration from Trichoderma afroharzianum (TR04) and Trichoderma simmonsii (TR05)

Abstract

Agriculture faces many obstacles, primarily infectious diseases generated by fungi such as B. cinerea, which pose a significant threat to global food security. Traditionally, chemical pesticides have been used to eliminate this phytopathogen; however, these chemicals pose risks to human health and lead to the development of phytopathogen resistance. Consequently, there is an urgent need for effective and environmentally responsible alternatives, such as biopesticides derived from Trichoderma. To develop these biopesticides, it is essential to understand the relationship between Trichoderma and phytopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, soil microorganisms are vital in transforming insoluble phosphorus into a soluble form available for plant uptake and promote growth. Finally, as salt stress is a major abiotic constraint in global agriculture, identifying biological control agents that enhance plant tolerance and promote growth to salinity is a critical strategy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the antifungal activity of volatile and non-volatile compounds produced by the fungi Trichoderma afroharzianum (TR04) and Trichoderma simmonsii (TR05) against Botrytis cinerea. In addition, the study aims to assess their plant growth-promoting properties and salt tolerance in order to identify potential biopesticides that can protect and enhance crop productivity.