The intricate relationship between hormones and cancer pathogenesis highlights the important role that hormones play in the development and progression of various malignancies, particularly breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. The activation of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as androgen receptors, significantly influences tumor behavior and patient outcomes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these hormone-driven cancers is critical for developing targeted therapies and improving treatment strategies. Cancer treatment has advanced significantly with the development of targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and precision medicine, which are specifically designed for hormone. HER2-targeted therapy, such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab, have transformed the management of HER2-positive breast cancer, while CDK4/6 inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors have shown promise in treating hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Ovarian cancer treatment has also advanced with the use of PARP inhibitors and anti- angiogenesis agents, enhancing patient outcomes. In prostate cancer, androgen receptor- targeted therapies and novel agents like cabazitaxel and sipuleucel-T have emerged as critical components of treatment regimens. Additionally, the role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer has been underscored by the approval of agents like vandetanib and cabozantinib. Yet with these advancements, challenges still appear, including the management of treatment-related side effects and the development of resistance to therapies. Ongoing clinical trials continue to explore new targets and new combinations, emphasizing the importance of personalized medicine in optimizing treatment efficacy and improving patient quality of life. As we continue to unravel the complexities of hormone signaling in cancer, the potential for innovative treatment options and improved patient prognoses remains a key focus in oncology research.