Microneedle-Assisted Transdermal Drug delivery systems: material, design and skin interaction

Abstract

Microneedle transdermal patches are explored as a promising alternative to traditional drug delivery methods. The structure of the skin and the limitations of conventional transdermal patches and injections have been reviewed to highlight the need for new approaches. The design, materials, drug-loading strategies, and release mechanisms of microneedles are discussed to explain how they can effectively deliver drugs through the skin while remaining comfortable for patients. Depending on their design, these systems can provide immediate, sustained, or stimulus-responsive drug release. Microneedles also have a wide range of applications, including vaccination, diabetes management, hormone delivery, cancer therapy, and cosmetic treatments, with increasing interest in personalized medicine. Overall, they represent a promising step forward in drug delivery, although further research is still needed for wider clinical and commercial use.