This extensive study investigated the characteristics of pediatric periodontal disorders, including their risk factors, etiology, epidemiology, and treatment options. Due to their frequency and potential for long-term effects, such as systemic health problems, periodontal diseases—mainly gingivitis and periodontitis—present serious health risks. Plaque buildup is the main causative component in the complex etiology of periodontal disorders. Genetic predispositions and exogenous variables such as stress, dietary inadequacies, and tobacco smoking affect the severity and course of many disorders. The establishment of lifetime oral health practices is heavily influenced by the beginning and progression of periodontal diseases throughout infancy, especially in the phases of mixed dentition and adolescence.