The body of work describes the what infertility is as well as the different types of infertility. Moreover, the socioeconomic and medical implications of infertility is highlighted. The physiological situations surrounding conception is stated prior to establishing the possible anatomical, infectious, endocrinological and immunological factors are described. The necessary history taking and physical examination investigations necessary to define the pertinent reasons for infertility. Briefly described are non-pharmacological methods and to a deeper extent the pharmacological remedies. Antibiotics, natural medication, antioxidants and hormonal treatment used in conjunction with the Assisted Reproductive Therapy are thoroughly explored.