This thesis offers a comprehensive review of contemporary perioperative medicine, with a particular focus on anesthesia pharmacology. It details the latest advancements in both regional and general anesthesia techniques by analyzing the use of local anesthetics, adjuvants, and systemic agents. The review critically examines the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these agents, providing insights into their clinical applications and potential adverse effects. Emphasizing personalized medicine and multimodal approaches, the paper highlights strategies to optimize patient outcomes and enhance safety across the perioperative period.