The therapy of renal cell carcinoma has achieved milestones in the past three decades. The development of many targeted therapy drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly ameliorated the therapy effectiveness and the disease control of metastatic kidney cancer. This thesis provides and overview of the pharmacological treatment of renal cell carcinoma, the different mechanism of actions, combination therapies, as well as the novel therapies in tackling tumour resistance to these drug groups.