Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: A new frontier in cardiometabolic care

Abstract

Cardiometabolic diseases comprise a group of systemic interconnected metabolic and cardiovascular disorders involving multiple organs, including the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and liver. These diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. The cardiometabolic continuum is a conceptual and pathophysiological framework describing the progression of interconnected metabolic and cardiovascular disorders across multiple organ systems. In this framework, pharmacotherapy represents a cornerstone of secondary prevention in cardiometabolic diseases. While recent literature has established SGLT2 inhibitors as landmark therapies in heart failure and chronic kidney disease management, their broader role as frontier therapies across the entire cardiometabolic care continuum remains underexplored. This thesis aimed to provide an updated overview of the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in preventive and clinical cardiometabolic care and to evaluate their position as frontier therapies within contemporary cardiometabolic medicine.