The objectives of this study were to characterize the anatomy and taxonomy of Haloxylon salicornicum and show the biochemical nature of CO2 fixation pathway of the plant in question. We also addressed the possible pharmacognosical aspects of H. slicornicum including the antimicrobial activity of H. salicornicum extracts on bacterial and fungal growth. The further aim is to elucidate the ecological role(s) of H. salicornicum in the deserts and the possible use in agriculture.