Physicochemical characterization of Thyme, Eucalyptus and Sidr Honeys from Tunisia

Abstract

This research characterized three Tunisian monofloral honeys ,thyme, eucalyptus, and sidr by studying their physicochemical properties, phenolic content, and elemental composition using ICP-OES after acid digestion. All honey samples met general quality requirements, with acceptable moisture and sugar levels, low pH, and electrical conductivity values consistent with blossom honeys. Total phenolic content varied between honey types, with thyme honey showing the highest values, followed by eucalyptus and sidr, confirming the influence of floral origin on antioxidant-related properties. Elemental analysis showed distinct mineral profiles, mainly dominated by potassium, phosphorus, and sulphur, while boron and iron were the most abundant micro-elements. Trace and toxic elements showed some variation between samples, but aluminium, barium, and cadmium were detected at low levels, indicating no severe contamination and satisfactory hygienic quality. Overall, the study confirms that Tunisian thyme, eucalyptus, and sidr honeys have unique physicochemical and elemental fingerprints, good nutritional and safety qualities, and potential value for authentication, quality control, and market valorization.