This thesis explores the potential of nanoparticle-based strategies to improve influenza treatment by overcoming the limitations of current antivirals and vaccines, such as drug resistance and poor targeting. It highlights how lipid-based, polymeric, and metal nanoparticles can disrupt different stages of the influenza virus life cycle—ranging from viral entry to replication. The work also discusses the role of virus-like particles (VLPs) in vaccine development, offering a safer and more adaptable alternative to traditional vaccines. Future directions include personalized nanomedicine, combination therapies, and rapid-response vaccine platforms like mRNA-based nanoparticles. These advancements could enable more precise, effective, and flexible treatment approaches. While challenges remain in toxicity, safety, and regulation, nanotechnology presents a transformative path forward in antiviral therapy.