Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and Strategy of Current Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia

Abstract

Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of long-term use of antipyschotics. There are 4 major hypotheses suggested for the etiology of TD and pharmacological treatments related to the hypotheses. In this article, the 4 major hypotheses and the related pharmacological treatments are reviewed. And the best pharmacological approach and strategy for the treatment of TD are assessed.