Management of the Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Abstract

With the rising use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncologic treatment, many so called immune related adverse events have been described. The guidelines regarding management of hepatitis, gastritis and dermatitis have been well discussed in literature. This thesis aims to summarize the outstanding literature and guidelines in the diagnosis and management of the much less described cardiovascular events. Those include myocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiomyopathy induced by PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors.