The Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system that characterised by immune-mediated demyelination, neuroaxonal injury and progressive disability. This thesis provides a comprehensive review of the current therapeutic management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the most common clinical phenotype of multiple sclerosis; outlining the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and rationale for early treatment intervention. Particular emphasis is placed on disease-modifying therapies, including injectable, oral, and monoclonal antibody treatments, as well as approaches to acute relapse management and comprehensive patient care. The thesis also explores emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at neuroprotection, remyelination, and immunomodulation. Furthermore, it discusses future directions in RRMS research, including biomarker-guided therapy, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors, microbiome-targeted interventions, and preventive strategies. Overall, the work highlights the evolving landscape of RRMS treatment and the importance of personalised, patient-centred care in improving long-term outcomes.