A Review on the Potential Pharmacological Effects of Garlic, Soursop, and Avocado: Investigating the Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Benefits in Cardiovascular Health in the Ghanaian Population

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The effects of herbal medications such as garlic, avocado and soursop on cardiovascular health. Although clinically beneficial, they are limited by lack of standardisation and inappropriate dosage. Using a narrative review approach, peer-reviewed articles from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and AJOL were analysed to assess the phytochemical profiles, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical relevance of these herbs. The findings show that garlic demonstrates antihypertensive, antiplatelet, and lipid-lowering properties primarily through ACE inhibition and nitric oxide enhancement. Soursop exhibits antioxidant effects and vasodilation but concerns about acetogenin-induced neurotoxicity limit its clinical use. Avocado offers lipid modulating and anti-inflammatory benefits which are supported by both dietary studies and data

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herbal medication, mechansims of action
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