This thesis highlights the growing importance of cardio-oncology due to the extended survival of cancer patients and the associated long-term cardiovascular risks of chemotherapy. It examines the cardiotoxic effects of several common chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, trastuzumab, 5-FU, cisplatin, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, each with distinct mechanisms of cardiovascular injury. Emphasis is placed on the need for early detection, risk stratification, and multidisciplinary collaboration for effective cardiac monitoring and management. Regular imaging and biomarkers are recommended for identifying subclinical heart damage. Patient education is essential to promote awareness and early reporting of symptoms. Preventive measures such as dose adjustments, cardioprotective drugs, and risk factor management should be prioritized. Gaps remain in detection tools and understanding long-term outcomes, necessitating further research. The field calls for standardized care pathways to improve oncologic outcomes and cardiovascular safety.