Comparative Efficacy of Anti-TNF, Anti-Integrin, and Anti-IL-12/23 Biologics in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease

Abstract

This study provides a comparative analysis of Anti-TNF, Anti-integrins, Anti-IL-12/23 biologics in UC and CD, outlining the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of IBD while expanding on therapeutic rationale behind biologic therapy. It reviews mechanisms, indications, safety profiles, and evolving clinical evidence for each biologic class, and integrates current real-world data on treatment efficacy and future trials. In conclusion, targeted immunotherapy remains as the cornerstone in the management of IBD, as it has transformed long-term disease control, reduced complications, and expanded individualized patient therapy.