Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects daily life with symptoms like bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fatigue. This thesis explores the pharmacological treatment of UC, comparing the effectiveness of biologics and small molecules. It covers key biologic therapies, including TNF-α inhibitors (Infliximab, Adalimumab) and integrin antagonists (Vedolizumab), as well as newer small molecule treatments like JAK inhibitors (Tofacitinib) and sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor modulators (Ozanimod).Emerging therapies targeting IL-23 cytokines (Ustekinumab, Mirikizumab) are also analyzed for their targeted action and safety profiles. Beyond pharmacology, non-drug interventions like dietary adjustments, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are reviewed as adjunctive approaches. The thesis underscores the advancements in targeted therapies and their potential to personalize UC treatment, enhancing disease control and patient outcomes. Future research directions aim to optimize therapeutic regimens while minimizing adverse effects.