This thesis explores the clinical importance of beta blockers in cardiology. It outlines their physiological basis, mechanisms of action, and evolution across three generations of drugs. The research highlights their therapeutic roles in heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and arrhythmias. It also addresses ongoing debates regarding their metabolic effects and suitability in different patient populations. Despite some controversies, beta blockers remain a foundational element in cardiovascular treatment. The study emphasizes their continued relevance and potential for optimized, patient-specific therapy.