Hypertension is the most common global cardiovascular risk factor its affect nearly one in fore men and one in five women world wide approximately one forth of the world adult population is affected and it carries a great burden on individual as well as government expenditures. The aim of this thesis is to laydown the known risk factors and prevention in relation to hypertension, the modifiable risk factor, non-modifiable risk factors and the guideline to diagnose and manage hypertension is discussed, and an overview of an exciting treatment of hypertension is also reviewed.