The overview of this project is to examine why Nigeria has remained underdeveloped considering the fact that Nigeria is blessed with a lot of natural and human resources. This research paper aims to analyze the level of underdevelopment in Africa by using Nigeria as the case study because Nigeria as popularly referred to is the giant of Africa. Also, the causes, effects and possible solutions will be examined. In this paper we will not only examine underdevelopment in a myopic manner but rather in a holistic manner with a view to providing 21 century solutions to this problem that has been affecting the whole continent of Africa especially Nigeria as a country for decades upon decades. In this paper most of our analysis will be based on a 10 year period which is from 2008-2018 except in a few cases where we have refer back to a longer period. Also data gotten are from relevant sources like online journals and publications, World Bank, UNDP, National Bureau of Statistic.