This thesis aims to provide a retrospective look at early treatment as well as an overview of current treatment and a prediction on new and emerging treatments expected to be common practice in the near future. With regards to cuurent treatment, it oulines the mechanism of action of the differnt available Anti-diabetic drugs with their respective adverse effects. With regards to new and emerging treatments expected to be common practice in the near future, it outlines several promising novel methods of tratment like Gene therapy and stem cell transplataion.