The COVID-19 pandemic led to strict government measures like curfews and social distancing, which significantly impacted the mental health of university students. Anxiety and depression were especially prevalent among individuals aged 16–30, with studies showing high rates among Chinese medical students. Stress, particularly through the HPA axis, was identified as a major contributor to mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and dissociation. Specific student-related factors such as perceived stress, loneliness, and lack of support heightened vulnerability to these conditions. Research at the University of Debrecen found that perceived social support helped lower depression levels, emphasizing the importance of targeted mental health support for students.