antidepressant pharmacological approaches to treatment-resistant depression

Abstract

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a severe form of depression that does not respond to standard antidepressant treatments. This thesis reviews pharmacological strategies for TRD, with emphasis on novel antidepressant and combination therapies. Emerging treatments such as ketamine, esketamine, zuranolone, and psilocybin may improve treatment outcomes in patients with TRD.