Obesity: Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract

Obesity is a complex, chronic disease characterized by excess adiposity that significantly increases the risk of various metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Accurate diagnosis relies not only on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, but also on comprehensive assessments of fat distribution and obesity-related comorbidities. The foundation of effective management involves personalized lifestyle interventions, including structured dietary modifications and regular physical activity. Pharmacotherapy, such as modern incretin-based therapies, and bariatric surgery serve as powerful, evidence-based adjuncts for patients who require more intensive intervention. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary, long-term approach is essential to achieve sustained weight-loss and improve and improve overall health outcomes.