Oral health in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

Abstract

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) a rare genetic disorder that causes fragile bones due to defects in type I collagen. It also affects dental and craniofacial structures, leading to common oral health issues such as dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), malocclusions, enamel defects, and delayed tooth eruption. OI is caused by mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes and is classified into four types (I-IV), with Types II and III being more severe and causing greater dental complications. DI weakens dentin, leading to rapid tooth wear, fractures, discoloration, and increased cavity risk. Enamel defects and periodontal issues are also common. Managing oral health in children with OI requires a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on preventive care (fluoride treatments, regular dental visits) and restorative treatments (crowns, veneers). Orthodontic challenges can be addressed with clear aligners, which are preferred over traditional braces to avoid damaging fragile teeth. In conclusion, early diagnosis and a personalized dental care plan are critical for managing the oral health issues associated with OI. Preventive strategies, restorative treatments, and careful orthodontic planning can significantly improve functional and aesthetic outcomes, enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals.