Carriage of goods by the sea in international commerce

Abstract

The thesis titled "Carriage of Goods by Sea in International Commerce" provides a thorough exploration of the complexities of maritime trade and its regulatory frameworks, from technical logistics to the legal conventions governing international shipping. It starts with a historical overview of sea transport and advances to an in-depth analysis of contemporary practices and challenges, such as environmental regulations, digital tracking systems, and the logistics of containerization. The study highlights key legal frameworks like the Hague-Visby, Hamburg, and Rotterdam Rules, illustrating their roles in balancing carrier and shipper responsibilities. Through case studies and a detailed breakdown of essential shipping documents and contracts, the thesis offers practical insights into the operational and legal dimensions of global maritime logistics. The work concludes with recommendations aimed at enhancing the sustainability, security, and efficiency of international maritime trade.