Neville Chamberlain was a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister between 1937-1940. His policy of appeasement toward the fascist dictators, Mussolini and Hitler – with whom he concluded the Munich Agreement in 1938- failed to prevent the outbreak of the Second World War. He attempted to appease the demands of the European dictators, particularly Mussolini. In 1938 he went to Munich to initiate negotiations with Hitler about the settlement of the Czechoslovak question. (Introduction)