This research evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and patient adherence of conventional and modern pharmacological treatments for glaucoma. Conventional treatments, while effective in lowering intraocular pressure, often have side effects that reduce patient compliance. Modern therapies, including new drug classes and advanced delivery systems, show improved efficacy and better adherence due to fewer side effects. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment plans that consider both clinical effectiveness and patient quality of life. Overall, the findings support the integration of innovative therapies and underscore the need for continued research to enhance glaucoma care.