In this thesis the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology and classification of AF will be illustrated. The main focus of this thesis however is the discussion of the treatment options available with special focus on the pharmacologic treatment options. Whether to choose a rate control strategy or rhythm control strategy will be considered as well as what drugs are available in each category. Non-pharmacologic methods of rhythm control will also be discussed shortly. Anticoagulation therapy is an important part of AF treatment, as AF is known to increase the risk of ischemic stroke. The indications and contraindications to anticoagulation therapy will be debated as well as the treatment options available, with comparison of the classically used warfarin with the newer novel oral anticoagulant drug and anti-platelet agents.