The business world and the global economy have experienced significant changes over the last two decades, which triggered the need and importance of increased responsibility for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable business practices. Furthermore, oil and gas companies are expected to prioritize CSR because of the significant impact their activities can have on the environment and local communities. The oil and gas industry has played a significant role in the economy of Azerbaijan, and Qaradagh is one of the key regions for oil and gas production in the country. However, there have been concerns about the environmental impact of oil and gas activities in the region, as well as issues related to the rights of local communities who may be affected by these activities. Efforts have been made to address these issues through environmental regulations and community engagement programs, but challenges remain. As a result, the need for such research and environmental concerns have motivated the researcher to conduct this study in the oil and gas sector. In particular, the researcher will focus on the social responsiveness of oil firms to communities through CSR and the stakeholder approach in the Azerbaijan oil region. In a mixed methodological approach, both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were used. Firstly, the document analysis method was employed to analyse CSR disclosure reports of SOCAR and BP. Secondly, in the interview phase, CSR managers from BP and SOCAR, along with a senior consultant from the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection (MLSP) in Azerbaijan, were interviewed to determine their perceptions of their organizations' actual understanding of CSR. Lastly, a survey was conducted to explore the effect of CSR on the Corporate Social Performance (CSP) of oil and gas companies in Azerbaijan. The researcher presents significant research findings below: • CSR awareness among Azerbaijan's oil companies was considered high. BP and SOCAR demonstrated an elevated level of commitment to responsible and sustainable practices. • The CSR disclosures of BP and SOCAR were substantial, with all CSR dimensions prominently addressed in their reports. • The most significant finding of this study is that there is a positive relationship between CSR dimensions (compliance to industry standards, regulatory infractions, corporate legitimacy, CSR initiatives, and sports engagement) and CSP (environmental performance, community relations, and community perception). The scientifically remarkable contribution of this study is that investigating the CSR of oil companies in Azerbaijan can guide their decision-making processes when engaging with CSR. By examining the details of CSR activities and their effects, companies can make more informed choices, prioritize initiatives that resonate with their stakeholders, and strategically align their actions with both business objectives and societal expectation.