Szerző szerinti böngészés "Rawash, Mohamed Ali"
Megjelenítve 1 - 8 (Összesen 8)
Találat egy oldalon
Rendezési lehetőségek
Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Búzakorpa etetésének hatása a broiler csirke ürülékének ammónia kibocsájtásáraSuch, Nikoletta; Koltay, Ilona Anna; Rawash, Mohamed Ali; Mezőlaki, Ákos; Csitári, Gábor; Wágner, László; Péterné Farkas, Eszter; Molnár, Andor; Dublecz, Károly; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutatóAz ammónia illékony vegyület, amely szennyezi a légkört és a környezetet. Termelődése az aerob és anaerob baktériumok tevékenységéből származik. A mezőgazdaság, pontosabban az állattartás és a terménytrágyázás az antropogén ammónia-kibocsátás legnagyobb elősegítői. Számos kutatás bizonyítja, hogy takarmányozással befolyásolni tudjuk az állati ürülék N- tartalmát és a felszabaduló ammónia mennyiségét. A korpa kiegészítés gazdaságos rostkiegészítés a takarmányozásban. A szervezet számára emészthetetlen összetevőit a bélflóra hasznosítja, xilán oligoszacharid tartalma révén prebiotikus hatással rendelkezik. Bélflórát stimuláló tulajdonságai miatt baromfinál kis mennyisében alkalmazható a bélegészség megőrzése érdekében. A mikroflórára gyakorolt hatása azonban befolyásolhatja a felszabaduló gázok mennyiségét is. Kísérletünk során megvizsgáltuk, hogy a korpa kiegészítés hogyan befolyásolja a baromfi ürülékből felszabaduló ammónia mennyiségét, a különböző N formák arányát, pH értékét, valamint az ürülék bakteriumflórájának ureáz enzim aktivitását. Eredményeink szerint a korpa kiegészítés szignifikánsan megnövelte a felszabaduló ammónia mennyiségét és tendenciálisan növelte a baktériumflóra ureázaktivitását, valamint csökkentette az ammónium nitrogén arányát. A kezelés hatására a húgysav-N, az össz-N valamint a pH azonban nem változott. Eredményeink alapján további kutatások szükségesek, hogy ez a hasznos takarmánykomponens a környezetterhelés növelése nélkül alkalmazható legyen a bélflóra homeosztázisának és a bélegészség fenntartásának érdekében.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Climate change and agriculture sector in Egypt: effects and adaptationIrhayyim, Tareq; Rawash, Mohamed Ali; Anda, Angéla; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutatóThe review aims to present an overview of the effects of climate change and the adaptation strategies to mitigate its impacts on the agriculture sector in Egypt. The main changes in the Egyptian climate would be an increase in temperature, evapotranspiration and sea level. Simulation studies show that reduce production, increase water demands of crops and lose agricultural lands are likely to be the main impacts of climate change on the Egyptian agriculture sector. The effects of climate change on aquaculture can be on natural resources that are necessary for aquaculture productions such as water availability, land, feed, seed, and energy inputs. However, different adaptation options involve that improving the technical water application efficiency and water conservation, as well as selection and breeding tolerant crops to heat, salinity and water use efficiency. Changing the time of sowing and management practices, encouraging farmers to adopt crops that high return with less water use and developing new crop models can consider other agricultural options for adapting climate change. The government should take extreme efforts to enhance the productivity of the agriculture sector and mitigate the risks of climate change impacts.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Comparing the ileal amino acid digestibility of barley, winter oats and spring oats and the effect of using beta glucanase with broiler chickensRawash, Mohamed Ali; Such, Nikoletta; Koltay, Ilona Anna; Pál, László; Wágner, László; Mezőlaki, Ákos; Poór, Judit; Márton, Alíz; Molnár, Andor; Dublecz, Károly; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutatóA digestibility trial was carried out to compare the amino acid (AA) digestibilities of oats and barley. One barley, one winter oat and two spring oat varieties were incorporated into a corn, soybean and maize starch containing basal diet at 20 and 4096 on the expense of starch, and the ileal digestibility of AAs of the diets and cereals determined. The effect of exogenous beta glucanase enzyme on the AA digestibility of experimental diets was also investigated at 409 inclusion rates. To was used as a marker. The comparison of the AA digestibility of the experimental diets showed that the cereal and enzyme effects were amino acid dependent. Neither factor caused significant differences in the digestibility of MIT and HIS. Only the enzyme resulted improvement in the absorption of THR and ILE. while only cereal effect was found in the case of VAL, PHE and LYS. Both factors modified the digestibility of CYS. LEU, ARG and TYR. The interaction between the two factors was not significant in any case. The digestibilities of ILE, LEU. MET of oats were close to the table values (NRC, 1994: EVONIK, 2010), however the measured digestibility of ARG. HIS, LYS and PHE were 6 to 13% lower. In the case of barley, the measured digestibility coefficients of HIS, ILE, LYS, THR and CYs were lower than the table values in most cases.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Composition of intestinal bacterial community in ducks through high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA geneFarkas, Valéria; Molnár, Andor; Menyhárt, László; Such, Nikoletta; Rawash, Mohamed Ali; Dublecz, Károly; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutatóLittle research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the duck, although global duck meat production is steadily rising. The aim of the present study was to compare the composition of caecal microbiota of Cherry Valley ducks with the results of previous research. In total, 120 one-day-old ducks were purchased from a commercial hatchery and randomly assorted into 12 pens which had wheat straw litter as bedding material. On day 42, caecal chymus samples were collected from 12 pens including 2 ducks per pen. Samples in each pen were pooled after DNA extraction and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene targeted Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Bacteroidetes (59.36%), Firmicutes (30.70%), Proteobacteria (5.45%) were the dominant phyla in the caecum. At the genus level, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Megamonas, Barnesiella, Helicobacter were most abundant (31.35%, 17.20%, 6.78%, 3.79% and 2.49% respectively)Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Effect of different protein sources int he diet of lactating buffaloesRawash, Mohamed Ali; Rizk, Roquia; Such, Nikoletta; Koltay, Ilona Anna; Dublecz, Károly; Husvéth, Ferenc; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutatóEffect of different protein sources with the same proportion of crud protein (CP) in the TMR diets were investigated on lactating buffalo's performance; nutrients digestibility, milk yield, milk urea nitrogen and economic parameters of production. In the study lactating multiparous Egyptian buffalos were used from 56 to 196 days postpartum. Four isontrogenous diets were applied differing in the main protein sources as follows: ration one R1 (control) containing soybean meal R2: soybean meal (SBM) 50% + cotton seed meal (CSM) 50%, R3: soybean meal 50% + sunflower meal 50%, R4: soybean meal 50 %+ sunflower meal (SFM) 25% + cotton seed meal 25%. Results showed that dry matter and organic matter digestibility was significantly higher in the buffalos fed the R1, compared to R3 diet. No significant differences were found in crude protein digestibility among experimental diets. Daily milk and fat corrected milk yield production of buffalos fed R2 diet were significantly higher compared to the other diets. Milk urea nitrogen concentrations in the milk was found significantly lower in R4 compared with R1 group, which later recorded the highest value (13.0%) among the treatments. It could be concluded that feeding different protein sources may have different effects on milk production, milk composition including urea N and economic parameters of lactating buffalos.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Evaluation the protein quality of oats for poultryRawash, Mohamed Ali; PhD hallgatóThe present study aimed to evaluate the protein quality of oats. Winter oats (n=35) and spring oats (n=36) were assayed for protein content and amino acid composition. Essential amino acid index (EAAI) was also used to evaluate the protein quality. Beside the chemical procedures a digestibility trial was carried out to compare the amino acid (AA) digestibilities of oat containing diets and the oats varieties. In the frame of the trial the effect of using glucanase enzyme was also tested. Both winter oats and sprig oats containing higher amount of essential amino acids compared with maize or wheat. The protein quality of oats, expressed in the form of EAAI was also about 10% higher than the other cereal grains. Incorporating oats into broiler diets at 20 and 40 % surprisingly improved the AA digestibility of the diets. The positive effect of oats were AA dependent. Only slight positive glucanase effects were found. The enzyme effect was also AA dependent. The linear regression procedure was used to calculate the true ileal AA digestibilities of the oat grains. These results showed, that the measured AA digestibility coefficients of oats are lower than the table values and also lower than those of maize and wheat.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The effect of diet composition, a probiotic and a symbiotic treatment on the ileal microbiota composition of one-week-old broiler chickensSuch, Nikoletta; Farkas, Valéria; Molnár, Andor; Csitári, Gábor; Pál, László; Rawash, Mohamed Ali; Koltay, Ilona Anna; Husvéth, Ferenc; Dublecz, Károly; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutatóA healthy microbiota present in the small intestine contributes significantly to small intestinal function, including digestion, nutrient absorption and health. The current study investigated the effects of a prebiotic, a probiotic and a symbiotic supplementation on ileal microbiota composition of broilers at 7 days of age. In a total of 574 male Ross 308 day-old chickens were divided into four groups using six replicate pens and 24 chickens per pen. A maize-soybean based control diet (C), a control diet supplemented with probiotics (Broilact; Br), a control diet supplemented with symbiotic (inulin, yeast, Bacillus subtilis; Sy) and a wheat based diet supplemented with wheat bran (W) were formulated. On day 7 of life, two chickens per pen were slaughtered and ileal chymus samples were collected. For microbiota analysis 16S rRNA (V3–V4 region) gene targeted Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used. Feeding all diets supplemented increased the diversity to varying degrees compared to the control (C) diet (p=0.006). As a conclusion, all supplementation substantially influenced ileal microbiota of broiler chickens at an early age. All these results could offer some information for the future study on the relationship between early intestinal microbiota and the compounds of the feed.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The effect of wheat bran supplementation on the caecal microbiota of broiler chickensSuch, Nikoletta; Farkas, Valéria; Koltay, Ilona Anna; Rawash, Mohamed Ali; Mezőlaki, Ákos; Pál, László; Dublecz, Károly; Molnár, Andor; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutatóThe use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) is under debate in many regions worldwide while some countries (e.g. in EU) have already banned these compounds in poultry diets. The use of therapeutic antibiotics is still in the broiler industry worldwide and although they are essential to maintain animal welfare and to treat chickens from diseases, these compounds are also too often used in a prophylactic manner (Van Immerseel, 2017). In order to improve the immunity and feed utilise of livestock and poultry: research into environmentally friendly feed additives has become one of the main challenges of animal husbandry in the 21st century (Wang, 2017). It is generally accepted that shifts in the intestinal microbiota composition may be the result of dietary changes, such as the addition of cereal fibers (Torok, 2011). In broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance (De Maesschalck, 2015). Generally, dietary fiber in feedstuff is indigestible for the host but the microbes can use it as energy source. The main precursors of bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract are different digestible carbohydrates or different non-digestible polysaccharides like the soluble arabinoxylan and beta-glucan of cereal grains. Butyrate, among other short–chain fatty acids, are end products of bacterial fermentation and has several beneficial effects on the host (Hamer, 2008). Increasing the amount of butyric acid in the gut may result in improved gut structure, absorption of nutrients and even improved production traits (Schneeman, 2002). Wheat bran is a cheap fiber source and it contains fiber mainly in the form of arabinoxylan (Stevenson, 2012). Beside its effect on microbial fermentation, arabinoxylan has also been shown to activate a macrophage cell line in the broiler intestine and thus decrease the enteric pathogen colonization (Zhang et al., 2004). An in vivo experiment was conducted to study the effects of xylooligosaccharide, arabinoxylooligosaccharide and soluble arabynoxilan on several groups of gut bacteria of chickens (Courtin, 2008). All treatment groups showed an increase in the number of caecal bifidobacteria after 2 weeks of feeding (P < 0.05), while the treatments did not impact numbers of Enterobacteriaceae and aerobic lactobacilli in the caeca relative to the control. Prebiotic dietary fibers are known to improve the gastrointestinal health of both humans and animals in many different ways. They can increase the bulking capacity, improve transit times, and depending on the fiber, even stimulate the growth and activity of resident beneficial bacteria (Vermeulen, 2018). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wheat bran supplementation on the caecal microbiota composition of broiler chickens.