Acta Geographica Debrecina Landscape & Environment (DE-journals)
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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Quantify the changes in landscape patterns and their impact on ecosystem services values using land use land cover data in the middle reaches of the Damodar river basin(2025-12-31) , Sougata; Chakrabortty, Druheen ChakraborttyHuman activities continuously modify the landscape area for their purpose which forces the landscape structure to change continuously. Therefore, it is essential to examine the impact of changing landscape structure on Ecosystem services values (ESV). The study has quantified the dynamic of ESV using land use land cover data and landscape metrics. The study has applied the Costanza et al. (1997 &2014) method to estimate ESV in the Middle reaches of the Damodar River Basin area and the Getis-Ord Gi* technique to delineate the dynamic hot spot and cold spot region in ESV within the stipulated period. The study has shown that ESV varies with the changes in landscape structure. The diminishing of vegetation, agricultural land, water body area and the expansion of built-up area has shifted the ESV zone from the North-West part in 2000-2012 to the wider part of North-West and North-East in 2012-2023 and 2000-2023 periods and marked the North-West and North-East part as a more dynamic zone within the study period.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A deep analytics for prediction and forecasting of air quality in Chennai(2025-12-31) Sasikala , S; Shalini, R; Chinnapparaj , DAir pollution is a global crisis with profound implications for public health and environmental sustainability. In addressing this issue in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, a novel Hadoop-based real-time air pollution prediction system is proposed. This research offers accurate air quality information for specific Chennai regions, aiding decisions and mitigating pollution risks through big data analytics and deep learning for air quality prediction. To expedite air quality prediction, a vast air pollution dataset is rigorously analyzed using a Hadoop-based analytics model. Specific locations in Chennai, including Perungudi, Royapuram, Manali, Alandur, Arumbakkam, Kodungaiyur, and Velachery, are assessed for upto- date air quality evaluations. The core of the research revolves around implementing deep learning models—Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Network, and a hybrid Long Short-Term Memory-Convolutional Neural Network model. These models are trained to forecast AQI for selected areas over the next five years, with the hybrid model emerging as the standout performer, achieving 99% of accuracy rate and mean absolute error, mean square error, root mean square error rates of 7.95, 101.71, 9.65. This high accuracy and low error rates empowers policymakers and environmental agencies to make informed decisions, fostering healthier living conditions in Chennai. The integration of big data analytics and deep learning, promises improved air quality management in urban areas globally, addressing similar environmental challenges and enhancing overall quality of life.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Geographical Information System and Multi-Influencing Factor techniques for the assessment of groundwater potential zones of tropical watersheds: A case study(2025-06-30) Ahammed, Imthiaz; G, Jayapal; T.K, Prasad; S, SureshThe groundwater of a region is predisposed much by terrain factors along with climatic factors. Being a subsurface phenomenon groundwater cannot be observed directly, it had to be done indirectly based on the analysis of data of observable features collected through field observation and various geophysical techniques. Groundwater occurrence is a phenomenon which is heavily dependent on multiple parameters viz., Geomorphology, geology, land use, slope, soil texture, drainage density, lineament density, relief, and vegetation. The present study intends to examine the need and prospect of assessing the groundwater potential of a tropical watershed on Geographical Information System (GIS) platform using the Multi-Influencing Factor (MIF) technique. A multi-influencing factor approach is used, where weights were assigned to each factor based on their level of influence and finally conducted weighted overlay platform to generate groundwater potential zones of the Perumba watershed, in the Kannur District of Kerala, India. Various parameters of groundwater have been analyzed from a geomorphological standpoint and potential zones were identified and categorized. The study signifies the application of MIF and GIS techniques in hydrological studies, as they qualify for comprehensive assessment and spatial analysis of various factors that affect the dynamics of groundwater. The results were verified through a field survey.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Urban dynamics and urban sprawl in hill stations of India: a case study of Shillong city(2024-12-31) Kharpran, F Phibawanlang; Purkayastha, SubrataThe hill stations of India are remnants of colonial past built by the British where the scenic landscape and climate similar to Britain attracted the British to set up cantonments and sanatoriums for the British troops and their families. Shillong City whose origin dates back to the 19 th century, was the British capital of Assam Province, the administrative seat of undivided Assam after India’s Independence and at present the capital of Meghalaya. The city’s growth resulted from the continuous influx of population to fulfil the changing socio-economic and political dynamics of the city. This hill station was built by the British with a vision to house a population of less than one lakh. It was then a cluster of a few scattered hamlets, which at present has grown tremendously with 12 contiguous urban units forming the Shillong Urban Agglomeration (SUA). With the help of RS -GIS using Shannon entropy technique as a landscape metric, the urban sprawl of Shillong has been measured from the year 1991 to 2001.The rapid growth has led to an urban sprawl which poses various challenges to the city’s environment .Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Urbanization induced land use/land cover change and its impact on land surface temperature in Bhubaneshwar city, India(2025-01-02) Singh, Kiran Kumari; Parida, Madhusmita; Jasrotia, GarimaThe study was conducted in Bhubaneswar City, the capital of the Indian state of Odisha. The impact of the increase in surface temperature on the city was studied by retrieving LST, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDBI) values of Bhubaneswar using Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 data for 2001, 2011, and 2021. The surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect was also studied to identify temperature changes and hotspots in the city. There was a rise of 3.93℃ and 1.55℃ in the maximum and minimum LST in Bhubaneshwar city from 2001 to 2021. The heating effect of the built-up and cooling effect of vegetation was ascertained through correlation analysis between LST and NDBI (positive) and between LST and NDVI (negative). The results of this study will help the government and urban planners to identify heat stress and vulnerable areas, thereby contributing to better monitoring and future planning of the city. Thus, this will lead to efficient heat strategies and action plans such as developing green spaces in and around the city.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Integrated approach for lineament extraction in assessing groundwater potential: a case study in the highlands of Eritrea(2025-06-30) Asghede, Kabral Mogos; Vágó, János; Pecsmány, PéterGroundwater exploration is crucial for sustaining ecosystems and human activities, particularly in semi-arid regions like the highlands of Eritrea. This study evaluates the effectiveness of manual and automated lineament extraction methods for identifying geological structures indicative of groundwater potential. Using a 30-meter resolution SRTM digital elevation model (DEM), we generated hillshade images and extracted lineaments manually by ESRI ArcGIS and automatically with MATLAB's edge detection algorithms, including Canny, Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts, Approximate Canny, and Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG). Our findings reveal significant differences between the manual and automated methods. Directional analysis showed that manually identified lineaments primarily followed NE-SW and NW-SE directions. Among the automated methods, Canny, Approxcanny, and Prewitt exhibited similar directional trends. Lineament density maps indicated high-density areas in the western and northern parts of the study area for both manual and automated methods. The LoG algorithm showed the highest correlation (0.8561) with the manual method, suggesting it as a reliable alternative for lineament mapping, contributing to more efficient groundwater exploration in semi-arid regions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Trend analysis of temperature over the Meghalaya Plateau: A case study of Ri Bhoi District(2025-01-02) Lyngdoh, Andy T.G; Purkayastha, SubrataClimate change is a reality in the present world, and most nations are fighting this menace by bringing in mitigation measures to check our carbon footprint and developing measures to make ourselves more resilient to hazards associated with climate change and global warming. These necessities measure the nature and degree of change in the climatic elements, viz., temperature, rainfall, etc. Located on the northern slopes of the Meghalaya plateau, the Ri Bhoi district is characterized by a complex climatic condition owing to its altitudinal differences. The district is divided into two distinct zones: the Highland zone, located closer to Shillong, and the Lowland zone, lying closer to the Brahmaputra plains. The economy of Ri Bhoi district is agrarian in nature, where most of the rural populations live close to nature, following subsistence agriculture with fewer technological innovations; hence, awareness of temperature changes becomes essential for carrying out their livelihoods. In this context, the present paper attempts to analyze both the minimum and maximum average monthly, seasonal, and annual temperatures over two decades (1999–2019) in both zones. The Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and Sen’s slope estimate were employed to find the nature of the temperature trend and its magnitude in the two zones of Ri Bhoi District. The findings suggest an erratic behavior of both the maximum and minimum temperature has been observed in the Highland and Lowland zones of Ri Bhoi district over the past two decades, impacting agriculture and agro-based livelihoods.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A remote sensing and GIS-based analysis on the impact of dam construction towards the land use land cover pattern of Bakreswar Watershed, India(2025-01-02) Bhandary, Arpita; Roy, PoushaliThe present study evaluates the impact of the dam construction on land use and land cover (LULC) pattern of the Bakreswar Watershed in the Birbhum District, West Bengal, India during 1990-2020. Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI data were used to analyze the LULC pattern during the pre- and post-dam construction periods. Supervised image classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm was done to generate LULC and change detection maps in ArcGIS. LULC dynamic attitude and transfer matrix were prepared based on the LULC maps of four years. The results show that the dam construction significantly influenced the LULC pattern of the region. The highest rate of increase is seen in waterbody (86.37%) during 1990–2000 due to dam construction. Cultivated land also increased by 12.31% during this period. After the dam construction, the conversion rate from fallow land to cultivated land is higher in the downstream area rather than the upstream area. The area under barren land decreased by 53.28% in 1990–2000 and by 41.23% during 2009–2020 due to its conversion to built-up area. The built-up area rapidly increased during the past 20 years, by 34.57% and 45% during 1990–2000 and 2009-2020, respectively. Major change is seen along the Panagarh–Morgram Highway which connects two urban centers, Suri and Dubrajpur. Settlement concentration is also high around the Bakreswar Thermal Power Plant (BkTPP) and BkTPP Township. This study provides a useful approach to understanding the impacts of dam construction on cultivated area change and how transportation facility influences urban agglomeration.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Exploring air quality and health effects during diwali: A comprehensive study in Lucknow city(2025-12-31) , SulemanDiwali, a revered cultural festival nationwide, poses significant environmental challenges, especially in urban hubs like Lucknow. Traditionally marked by elaborate rituals and widespread firecracker usage, Diwali contributes notably to air pollution. Amid mounting concerns over environmental degradation's health impacts, this study examines Diwali's air pollution dynamics, indoor exposure factors, and health effects in Lucknow. By dissecting these intricacies, it seeks to inform targeted interventions for environmental preservation and community health enhancement. The study adopts an exploratory survey design, employing both primary and secondary data collection methods. Primary data, acquired through structured questionnaires, involves 523 parents and 179 doctors in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Quota and purposive sampling techniques were utilised to select participants meeting specific criteria. Statistical analyses, including frequency, Chi-square, and exploratory factor analysis, were conducted using SPSS version 25 to achieve research objectives. The results of the Diwali 2023 air pollution survey in Lucknow City indicate a significant rise in PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels, notably during nighttime, attributed to firecracker burning. Slight increases in SO 2 and NO 2 suggest additional fuel combustion. Further, hypotheses testing associations between locality types and indoor air pollution sources revealed significant links to factors like burning mosquito repellents, candles, and genetic predispositions. Doctors highlighted children in flats/apartments, aged 0-4, as most vulnerable, citing socioeconomic and behavioural influences. Seasonal variations and festivals, particularly Diwali, exacerbate air pollution effects. Doctors noted diverse health impacts, from respiratory issues to neurological effects, stressing the need for comprehensive mitigation efforts.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Prioritizing Watersheds for Flood Risk Assessment in Uttarakhand Himalayas using Geospatial Techniques and TOPSIS Method(2025-12-31) Kumar, Abhishek; Kumar, PardeepUttarakhand has a highly diverse topography, with snow-covered peaks, deep canyons, roaring streams, and dusty plains, all drained by various rivers of the Ganges system, India. The present study prioritizes watersheds in the Uttarakhand Himalayas for flood susceptibility using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, supported by GIS and remote sensing data. ALOS PALSAR Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 12.5-meter resolution was utilized to map topographic features and to analyze 18 morphometric parameters of 28 watersheds. The TOPSIS method prioritized sub-watersheds using AHP criteria weights, which are classified into five priority levels ranging from very low to very high. The Sarju, Ram Ganga, and Song watersheds were identified as having the highest flood risk, placing them in the “Very High” priority class. These watersheds exhibited high drainage density (Dd), stream frequency (Fs), and bifurcation ratio (Rb), indicating a dense and complex drainage network prone to rapid runoff and increased flood potential. The watersheds such as Bandagarh, Parry, and Chandra Bhaga were placed in the “Very Low” priority class due to lower closeness coefficient (Cci) values, suggesting simpler drainage systems and reduced flood risk. The AUC (Area Under Curve) value of 0.789, indicates a good predictive accuracy for the TOPSIS model. The classification helps in pinpointing high-risk areas that require urgent flood management interventions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Human induced conservation in the natural islets. Status of vertebrate diversity in the selected sacred forests of Kerala India(2025-06-30) Pazhedath Vasudevan, Krishnanand; Karumampoyil Sakthidas, Dr. K S Anoop DasSacred forests are conserved based on religious aspects. Regional differences are visible among sacred groves in their management policies, temple construction, landscapes, and religious beliefs. This study analyzed whether there is any relationship between vertebrate species diversity and the management policies adopted by respective owners. To examine this, twenty sacred groves were selected. The vertebrates, such as birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals were surveyed, which lasted up to 2 years. Specific methodologies, such as point count for bird survey and visual encounter surveys for other vertebrates, were followed. To analyze the management policies adopted by the respective owners, nine parameters were considered, and each parameter was given a score for all the study sites. 135 species of vertebrates were recorded, and their species diversity is estimated by using the Shannon Wiener Index. To estimate the association between the management policies and species diversity, the scores of each parameter for all the sacred groves were summed and correlated with the Shannon‒Wiener index. A positive correlation between these factors obtained indicated that the management policies taken by the owners influenced the species conservation.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Satellite derived bathymetry (sbd) of inaccessible water: an application of log-transformed band ratio model(2025-06-30) Nag, KamalThe present study applied log transformed Band Ratio Model (BRM) on Sentinel-2A image of Copernicus programme of European Space Agency (ESA) to derive shallow water bathymetric map in a part of Indian eastern coast. The “empirical bathymetry processor” in SNAP software of ESA has been used for this purpose. General Bathymetric Chart of the Ocean (GEBCO)_2020 of Nippon Foundation has been taken as a reference image for point data input. Log transformed ratio of band-2 and ban-3 of Sentinel-2A at 10 m spatial resolution enables bathymetric mapping of nearshore water. Before applying BRM, image processing involves land mask, sun glint correction and dark object subtraction (DOS). This approach can be used as an alternative to conventional hydrographic survey for bathymetric mapping in inaccessible water with great savings of cost and time.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Coastal landuse land cover change and transformations in-between Cuddalore and Nagore, south east coast of India using remote sensing and GIS(2025-01-02) Thangaraj, Kongeswaran; Karthikeyan, Sivakumar; Arumugam , Muruganantham; Kulandaisamy, Prabakaran; Velmayil , Perumal; Vellaikannu , Agastheeswaran; Sundaram , Bangaru Priyanga; Rajendran, MuthuramalingamThis study was conducted to assess the Land use and land cover (LULC) changes in a dynamic coastal zone; this is also an essential factor of studying the relationships between the human activity and coastal environment. The study region has been suffered from various natural hazards such as cyclone impacts, coastal erosion and rarely tsunamis. LULC changes was studied and reported for the period of 4 decades from 1980 to 2020. The overall accuracy assessment and Kappa coefficient values shows the substantial results of LULC maps. In the study area LULC changes has been classified in the six classes. The result shows reduction in plantations, coastal wetland and fallow land. Whereas improvement found in barren land, built-up land and water body of the study area from 1980 to 2020. Immediate attention is required to the increase the mangrove forest to be as a natural protection from the calamities in coastal wetlands. The information resulting from this study can be used in forthcoming management plans for urbanization and towards the sustainable development of the region. This study can be adapted to the world’s any coastal region to establish a strategic plan of action to protect the coastal communities and the environment.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of Streams in Extreme Humid Areas: A Case Study of the Um-Mawiong River Basin, Mawsynram, Meghalaya(2023-12-30) Lyngdoh, Andy T.G; Ryntathiang, Bring Blessing LQuantitative morphometric analysis of the drainage system is essential to characterising a watershed, as all the hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed. Consequently, this plays a crucial role in understanding the geo-hydrological attributes of a drainage basin to the terrain feature and its flow patterns, thus enabling the estimate of the incidence of infiltration and runoff and other related hydrological characteristics of a watershed, which strongly impacts natural resource conservation. The study area selected is the Um-Mawiong River basin in Mawsynram, Meghalaya. The basin shows a dendritic pattern that highlights the homogeneity in the texture of the basin. Results suggest that the stream frequency of the basin is 19.10 km², suggesting a faster surface runoff and less infiltration. In addition, it has an Elongation ratio of 0.75 indicating an elongated basin shape . The current study demonstrates that the implementations of GIS techniques are trustworthy, efficient, and capable of managing extensive databases for managing river basins. The present study tries to analyse the linear, areal and relief aspects of the basin using a GIS environment and manipulated for different calculations. The analysis reveals that the total number of stream segments and length are maximum in first-order streams and decrease as stream order increases. The drainage density exhibits a high degree of positive correlation, i.e., 0.87, with its frequency suggesting an increase in stream population concerning increasing drainage density and vice versa.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Rainfall Dependency and Water quality Assessment of springs of three villages of Rudraprayag District: An analysis of veins of Uttarakhand Himalaya(2024-06-30) Chauhan , Neha; Naik , Anjali; Singh Negi, MahavirA spring is a crevice in the substrate that forms naturally and allows water to pour out directly from the earths subsurface. Every major river in the country has a system of springs that serve as a symbolic representation of its source. But this very fundamental source of many resources is in peril. The problem is mainly related with the reduced discharge rate of water from the spring. The reason of truncate discharge rate is variability in the rainfall pattern in the recharge area due to the climate change over the years.To ensure the quality and security of the public's water supply, regular quality assessments of drinking water sources are required. In consequence, this study not only analyse the rainfall dependency of springs but also evaluated the spring water quality for drinking, using water quality index, in three villages located in Jakholi block of Rudraparayag district, Uttarakhand. The ten foremost physiochemical elements that regulate water quality—Nitrate, Fluoride, Iron, pH, Turbidity, Chloride, Residual Chlorine, Magnesium, sulphate, and Hardness—were investigated to ensure compliance with guidelines defined by the Bureau of Indian Standards IS: 12500:2012. After examining the data, it became apparent that all of the indicators pointed to acceptable water quality, making it ideal for drinking. However, because of its low discharge and great reliance on rainfall, its position is getting more detrimental.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Monitoring temperature patterns at selected world heritage sites in Egypt using high resolution WorldClim data(2023-12-30) , Viranch N. DaveLong term temperature patterns helps in assessing changes in the climatic conditions of an area and climatic changes poses a major challenge to the world heritage sites whether it is natural or cultural. Therefore in this study using maximum and minimum temperature data for the period 1960-2021 downloaded from WorldClim 2.1 calculation of mean temperature is done in QGIS environment for the selected UNESCO world heritage sites of Arab Republic of Egypt. WorldClim 2.1 provides finer resolution gridded data downscaled from Climate Research Unit. Trend analysis using linear regression and Mann-Kendall method and Sen’s Slope estimate is used to understand the patterns of mean temperature at all the selected sites. The study reveals that mean temperature at all the selected sites is increasing but since 1990 the sites which are located geographically in lower Egypt are witnessing rapid increase in mean temperature compared to the sites located in upper Egypt which historically witnessed more temperature due to its geographical milieu. This study can help in stimulating the utility of geospatial data in understanding the changes in climatic parameters in relation to world heritage sites. Moreover it can serve as foundation upon which detailed longitudinal site specific investigation can be done.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Developing a strategy of data collection and pre-processing to assess bike-sharing system station placements with the help of GIS(2024-06-30) Veres, Tamás MihályOur research presents a methodological framework for analyzing bicycle-sharing systems, using the self-service bike operations of JCDecaux in Toulouse as a case study. The objective was to identify a method for obtaining a cleansed and structured attribute list that could be useful in evaluating and optimizing the placement of bicycle rental docks. Utilizing open data, our approach involves developing a Python script within QGIS to create new layers around each of the 288 studied bicycle rental stations, based on a selected 100-meter buffer. This buffer size is chosen to reduce data overlap in dense urban settings. The script is designed to collect urban features within these buffers that register as multipolygons (mainly buildings) or points (amenities, transportation features), moreover it applies categorization of data, such as identifying and marking the different building types. The method includes a basic visualization of potential data in QGIS using OpenStreetMap.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A GIS-based study on the changing course of the River Jiadhal in the Dhemaji district, India(2024-06-30) Gogoi, PranameeRiver bank-erosion, deposition and channel-shifting are considered most dynamic and significant geomorphological processes formed by complex geological, hydrological, and anthropogenic factors. In the present study, river Jiadhal is one of the main sub-tributary of the River Brahmaputra in the Dhemaji district of Assam that changes its channel course frequently due to bank-erosion and sediment-deposition in the intermediate part and lower course of the channel. A study on the changing course of the river Jiadhal was carried out using satellite imageries for the years 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017. The study found that the changes in the river vary from time to time and the bank-erosion and sediment-deposition fluctuate from place to place. The total area of bank-erosion is 13.34 km 2 from 1987 to 2017 and the total area of sediment-deposition is 14.59 km 2 from 1987 to 2017. This paper evaluates how the shape, size and position of the Jiadhal River have changed from the years 1987 to 2017 using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The study is also necessary for effective management along the side of the river Jiadhal to control bank erosion and to mitigate the adverse impact of erosion and channel-shifting.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Assessment of spatio-temporal waterline changes of a reservoir: A case study of Ujjani wetland, Maharashtra, India(2024-06-30) Ramanuj, Pooja; Laware, Shankar; Karmalkar, NitinThe Ujjani reservoir is an artificial inland wetland and a potential Ramsar site in Maharashtra, India. The present study investigates the changes in the surface water area over time using remote sensing imageries (LANDSAT, LISS-III, Sentinel 2 series) for four decades (1981 to 2021) and the normalized difference water index (NDWI). The study reveals that the overall mean amount and rate of decrease in the surface water area are estimated at 20.50% (44.31 + 30.38 km 2 ) and 0.75% year-1 (1.62 + 1.36 km 2 year-1), respectively. Furthermore, multiple correlation matrix analysis shows a strong positive correlation between surface water area and rainfall while a weak negative correlation with mean annual temperature (T MAX ). Thus, indicating rainfall as the principal factor in inducing changes to the surface water area of the Ujjani wetland. However, the study also finds that the impact of the dramatic rise in population growth and anthropogenic activities in the form of overexploitation and land encroachments for agriculture are gradual but significant cursors to wetland degradation. Hence, the study recommends periodic monitoring, management, and conservation of wetlands, by employing stringent policies and effective technological measures.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető GIS-integrated multi-criteria suitability analysis for healthcare facilities site selection in Rajouri district, Jammu and Kashmir, India(2023-12-30) Ahmed, Arshad; , Kheraj; Ali, Amjed; Rani, Kiran; , MeenaxyThe study aims to develop a Decision Support model for the selection of a suitable site to establish a new healthcare center with adequate facilities based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in the Rajouri district of Jammu and Kashmir. This study utilized AHP and GIS to identify an appropriate location for a new healthcare center. The study employed eight criteria to evaluate potential locations and utilized pairwise comparison to assign weights to each criterion. GIS-based spatial analysis was used to create factor and suitability maps for each criterion. Suitability was evaluated on a scale of 0 to 10 and each factor map was combined using the ArcGIS weighted overlay selection tool. The final map of the study represents the suitable site for a healthcare center in the Rajouri district and it shows the sites from the highly suitable to the least suitable area. In Rajouri district, mostly the central part can be considered very suitable as the population density of this area is higher compared to other areas of the district. The southwestern parts of the district are moderately suitable or least suitable sites for a new healthcare center. The study displays the pattern of the existing location of healthcare centers, mostly, the existing locations are not proper and suitable. Therefore, in the future, the allocation of healthcare centers must be in more adequate areas. Policymakers and healthcare professionals can be benefitted from this study in selecting suitable locations for future hospitals, which could ultimately improve access to healthcare services in the region. Additionally, the study can be contemplated in developing new policies for better transportation system in the study area.