According to the World Health Organization Nearly 3,400 people die on the world's roads every day. Tens of millions of people are injured or disabled every year. Children, pedestrians, cyclists and the elderly are among the most vulnerable of road users with developing countries suffering more to these problems This Thesis is concerned with traffic accidents and safety in Nigeria. It focuses on the fundamentals, trends in of road traffic accidents, the impacts on the road traffic accidents, the possible causes, possible intervention and prevention schemes. As this thesis a thorough literature review, the materials and methods includes literatures from PubMed, informations from the WHO date base, informations from other relevant health sites like CDC, and news on webs for the situation. It should be noted that statistics are very conservative and based on estimation as it is very difficult to really get very accurate statistics about the case in Nigeria due to poor records management and inefficiency to get through rural areas. Accident records and descriptions of current safety measures obtained from such relevant agencies as the Federal Road Safety Corps who are the solely responsible for road safety matters in Nigeria, The Nigeria Police and Department of Road Transport Services, also with maps and photographs provided the basic data for the study. The results shown various factors that by and large the driver is the main cause of the high rates accidents that happen in Nigeria, the functional limitations of FRSC as the top body responsible for road safety matters, the inefficiency in sufficient proper manner of implementing the driver license and Vehicle registration schemes. Also the poor driving culture of Nigerians which arises from factors like weak traffic education, public awareness and enforcement programs, as well as contribution from environmental factors. Restructuring and re-orienting of the lead agency, in taking road safety management as something imperative and also declaring traffic accidents as a severe national health problems would go a long way in making the roads in Nigeria more bearable and safer. The government implementation of policies and measures would also improve the safe surveillance in Nigeria.