Burning Mouth Syndrome is quite common in everyday dental practice. It's aetiology is unknown, however, it is believe to be influenced by multiple factors. There are two types of Burning Mouth syndrome: primary and secondary. The primary form has a neuropathogenic background whilst the secondary form is related to local and/or systemic diseases, such as wrongly fitting dentures and diabetes mellitus, respectively. It's diagnosis firstly starts with exclusion of factors potentially eliciting secondary Burning Mouth Syndrome and thereafter looking for signs of neuropathy (peripheral or central). It's treatment is complex, multidisciplinary, methodical and depends on the etiological factors experienced by individual patients.