FAR-RED LIGHT REGULATED CIRCADIAN EXPRESSION OF CBFs AND THEIR UPSTREAM SIGNALLING GENES IN BARLEY

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CBF (C-repeat binding factor) transcription factors are one of the most studied regulators in plants. They play a key regulatory role in the cold acclimation processes through high level expressions in response to low temperature. Recently, more and more publications concluded that, apart from cold, not just the quantity and the duration of the illuminating light, but its spectra also has a pivotal role in the regulation of the CBF gene expression. Earlier studies established that the expression patterns of some of these transcription factors follow a circadian rhythm. To understand more deeply this acclimation process, we studied the gene expression patterns of the signal transducing pathways, including the signal perception and the phospholipid signalling pathways, the upstream of the CBF gene regulatory hub, and also the influence of the circadian clock. Our analysis revealed that the expression of genes implicated in the phospholipid signalling pathway show a circadian rhythm in the frequently used cereal model species: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We also demonstrated that from those CBF genes which were expressed under non cold inductive condition, only the members of the HvCBF4-phylogenetic subgroup showed a circadian pattern, and also that they were also expressed in the late afternoon or early in the night. We also determined the gene expression changes under supplemental far-red illumination and established that this change in the spectrum led to an earlier and more intense transcript accumulation in several cases. Based on our results, we propose a model to illustrate the effect of the circadian clock and the far-red light on the elements of signalling pathways upstream of the HvCBF genes, thus integrating the complex regulation of the early cellular responses, which finally leads to an elevated cold stress tolerance.

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FAR-RED LIGHT, SIGNALLING GENES, CBF genes
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